The material used for the elbow is carbon structural steel or high-quality carbon structural steel 20#. These two materials can not only ensure that the carbon steel elbow has good hardness, strength and wear resistance, but also ensure the plasticity of the elbow, and ensure that the elbow will not be broken or wounded due to stress during forming. However, cast steel elbows are also used in some special piping systems. This type of piping system requires high mechanical properties of the elbow, and it is difficult to form by forging and other methods in the process.
Z-direction steel refers to thick steel with good tensile resistance in thickness direction. In the application of steel plate, the reason for additional performance requirements on the thickness direction of steel is due to the existence of defects in the thickness direction of steel in the process of casting and rolling. This defect makes the steel prone to lamellar tearing during welding, which reduces or even loses the design bearing capacity of application. The Z-direction performance is required for S890QL equivalent and so on steel plate with the tensile force along the plate thickness direction greater than or equal to 40mm.
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Normalizing is to heat the steel parts to 30~80℃above the critical temperature for a period of time. Then the parts are taken out of the furnace and cooled in air. Since the cooling rate of normalizing is faster than that of annealing, the strength and hardness of normalized S890QL equivalent are higher than that of annealed S890QL equivalent, but the elimination of internal stress is not as good as annealing. The normalizing operation of S890QL equivalent is simple, the cost is low, the productivity is high, and it is widely used in actual production.